Ten years ago, I began charting the implications of rising US debt and interest rates. The first chart I put together in 2016 contemplated what would happen if falling interest rates ever stopped falling in the midst of increasing debt levels.
By the time I started posting these, it wasn’t a hypothetical any more. From Inflation Games in 2019:
Little did we know that rates would fall even further in 2020 due to the pandemic. Here in 2026, the drop seems almost insignificant as rising rates, debt levels and interest expense subsequently went vertical.
Taking two very mild CBO forecasts into account, the 2036 picture looks bleak.
Another way of looking at the problem of rising rates and increasing levels of debt: the share of the federal budget consumed by interest expense.
Interestingly, interest rate increases in this scenario are no longer the problem. The problem is the rising debt, required in order to pay the interest on the very same rising debt. It’s a problem that every consumer who ever took a cash advance from VISA to pay their AMEX bill can appreciate.
If there’s a canary in this particular coal mine, it’s probably the falloff in official foreign ownership of US treasuries. As Bloomberg pointed out yesterday, US-friendly nation slashed their ownership by 60% as of August 2026.
Countries and regions most aligned with the US bought a net $174.3 billion of Treasuries, excluding bills, in the first eight months of 2026, according to an analysis of Treasury and State Department data. That was the lowest for the period since 2021 and down more than 60% from a year earlier.
The shift is noteworthy in Asia, where economies running large surpluses are putting less of that money into US debt. Japan, the biggest foreign holder of Treasuries, bought just $389 million in the first eight months — down 99% from a year earlier. South Korea sold $23.8 billion, the most for the period in records going back to 1977. Taiwan was also a net seller.
While past dips in foreign ownership was attributable to countries defending their currencies, the latest has come amid US dollar weakness. Some countries have diversified into gold, driving holdings to $4 trillion, exceeding US treasuries ($3.9 trillion) for the first time in 30 years. Others have moved their treasury holdings from the NY Fed to Euroclear in Brussels, beyond US reach. But, a significant share represents net selling by foreign central banks in the wake of Trump’s tariffs and, just maybe, their justifiable concerns about the explosion in US debt.
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Futures are off sharply this morning.
continuing…



























































